记者 沈小倩
7月6日，九游会平台邀请了研究西方哲学的知名学者杨寿堪教授作一场题为“西方哲学批判创新精神”的讲座🙋♀️。
一开始，杨教授从他读过的一篇题为《Yes与No》的文章，引出了中西文化继承与批判的差异，然后从传统哲学里的批判讲到现代哲学的批判𓀐。在讲古希腊哲学批判创新精神时🙇♂️，杨教授提到了亚里士多德的“吾爱吾师，吾尤爱真理”🪧，这说明批判创新精神在那时就已存在了🥄。而在十七世纪则是经验论与唯理论之争🥀，从古代哲学以本体论为主题转向以认识论为主题🟪。其中比较耳熟能详的有弗朗西斯·培根的口号“知识就是力量”和笛卡尔的“我思故我在”🤞，他还讲到了“休谟问题”及其对后来哲学发展的影响。现代西方哲学批判涉及的是哲学转向问题，有非理性转向、语言转向及生存哲学转向三个方面👨🌾。弗洛伊德的“无意识”学说揭露了无意识的主动性、非逻辑性和非道德性🔆。语言转向是现代西方哲学转向的重要内容，很多哲学家认为语言不规范是哲学上争论不休的原因，对此🐰，罗素提倡反对日常语言并使用理想的人工语言。杨教授引用海德格尔“语言是存在的家”和福柯的“不是人在说话🔷，而是话说人”阐述了语言的重要性。接着🕢，他用“Dasein”一词的翻译由“亲在”到“此在”的演变讲述了海德格尔的存在哲学以及“此在”的本质——烦（烦心和烦神）。
讲座期间，杨教授推荐同学们学普通逻辑学，他觉得这是一个大学生必须学的。他也说了自己觉得遗憾的事👧🏿：中国不乏研究哲学的人，却鲜有创新，始终都在讲别人的观点，而不能像西方哲学家那样不断批判🤍，提出自己的观点🏈；他认为只有批评，理论才能得到发展。提到语言分析在哲学中的重要地位，他说有很多学语言的学生后来从事了哲学研究，他寄望于外院同学，希望同学们在中国哲学的语言方面有所建树🈚️。
向杨教授致谢了以后，陶文好院长活学活用，引用了杨教授讲座中提到的一句话结束了本次讲座：“凡是可说的都是有关经验事实的陈述🏊🏻♂️，而凡是不可说的就必须保持沉默。”
3rd Academic Lecture: The Spirit of Criticism and Innovation of Western Philosophy
By Shen Xiaoqian
On July 6th, the SFL invited Prof. Yang Shoukan, an accomplished scholar from BNU, to deliver a lecture for sophomores of English and Japanese majors. Prof. Yang devoted himself to the study of western philosophy for decades. The lecture was entitled The Spirit of Criticism and Innovation of Western Philosophy.
Prof. Yang first of all mentioned an article entitled Yes and No to distinguish the tendency of acceptance in Chinese culture and the tendency of criticism in western culture. In regard to the criticism of Ancient Greek Philosophy, Aristotle’s maxim, “I love my teacher but love truth more”, is typical evidence that criticism had existed early at that time. During the 17th century, there was the controversy between empiricism and rationalism with the theme converted from ontology into epistemology. That generated many typical sayings that we are familiar with now, such as “Knowledge is power,” (by F. Bacon) and “I think, therefore I am,” (by R. Descartes). Criticism of contemporary western philosophy concerns the matter of philosophical turn, including the non-rational turn, linguistic turn and existentialism turn. Many philosophers think disputes over philosophy were due to the less standardized languages, so linguistic turn is an important part of that. Then Prof. Yang talked about M. Haidegger’s philosophy of existence and the essence of Dasein-- sorge (bersonge and forsorge).
During the lecture, Prof. Yang recommended students to study general logics, which he regarded as a must for undergraduates. He also regretted that a large number of Chinese researchers studied philosophy while few of them could make a breakthrough. If they didn’t cease criticizing and held their own opinions like western philosophers, theories could be developed. He also wished the students from SFL to make a contribution to the linguistic development of Chinese philosophy.
After acknowledging Prof. Yang, Dean Tao Wenhao concluded the lecture by quoting a remark mentioned by Prof. Yang in the lecture, “Everything that can be said is a statement about experience and facts; when it comes to something that cannot be said, we’d better keep silent.”
